Riba dalam Fiqh Muamalah: Analisis terhadap Praktik Ekonomi Modern

Abstract

The aim of this research is to understand the concept of usury in Islamic jurisprudence and analyze it in modern economic practice. This research uses a qualitative approach with library research methods. The result show that The Qur’an and Hadith strictly prohibit riba because of its injustice, exploitation, and socio-economic harm. In modern practice, riba appears in the form of bank interest, online lending, conventional insurance, bonds, derivatives, and foreign exchange transactions. These forms essentially violate the principles of fairness and risk sharing that underlie Islamic muamalah. Contemporary literature highlights that riba creates systemic effects, widening wealth inequality and triggering global financial instability. As an alternative, Islamic jurisprudence offers Sharia-compliant instruments such as mudhārabah, musyārakah, murābaḥah, ijārah, qardhul ḥasan, takaful, and sukuk. These instruments are based on justice, real economic activities, and the objectives of Sharia (maqāṣid asy-syarī‘ah). This study emphasizes that the prohibition of riba is not merely normative or theological but also practically relevant for creating an economic system that is fair, sustainable, and beneficial for human well-being.