Ekonomi Islam dalam Pandangan Ibnu Khaldun

Abstract

This study aims to reconstruct the economic view of Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406 ad) as a whole and comprehensive Islamic economic theory, to enrich contemporary discourse that tends to limit Islamic Economics only to the financial sector. Given that Khaldun was a pioneer of modern economics, tracing his thought becomes relevant to understand the philosophical foundations of this science. This qualitative research uses a literature study approach with content analysis and hermeneutics techniques to his primary work, Kitab Al-Muqaddimah, to interpret and relate his key concepts in a historical-descriptive manner. The results show that Khaldun's economy is a holistic and normative system, where Justice is an absolute prerequisite for Prosperity. It affirms labor as the primary source of value and provides a sophisticated fiscal analysis framework linking high taxes to the collapse of civilization, as well as limiting the role of the state only to the enforcement of market justice and security. By implication, this study provides a philosophical foundation and intellectual legitimacy for Contemporary Islamic economics to develop a framework that is not only oriented towards growth, but also on social justice and sustainability.