Pemetaan Dialektologis Variasi Leksikal Kata 'Jatuh' dalam Bahasa Minangkabau: Kajian Geo-sosiolinguistik pada Lima Dialek Utama

Abstract

This study examines the lexical variation of the word " Jatuh " in the Minangkabau language through a geo-sociolinguistic approach in 11 districts in West Sumatra. Minangkabau, as a regional language with millions of speakers, exhibits significant dialectal diversity, particularly in lexical aspects. The focus of this study is nine main variations of the word " Jatuh ": tasialia, tajilapak, tajirangkang, tataruang, tajungkang, tagurajai, tatungkuik, tatilantang, and tasungkua. Data were obtained from 440 respondents using interviews, questionnaires, participant observation, elicitation tests, and focus group discussions. Analysis was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively, including spatial mapping with GIS, dialectometry, and cluster analysis. The results show lexical distribution patterns that form isoglosses between regions, for example, the dominance of tasialia in the central highlands, tajilapak in Padang Pariaman, and tagurajai in the South Coast. Cluster analysis grouped the regions into five main dialectal clusters. Geographical, historical, socio-cultural, and interlingual contact factors play a significant role in shaping these variations. Furthermore, age influences lexical choice, with younger generations tending to adopt more common forms or loanwords from Indonesian. This research contributes to the documentation and preservation of regional languages ​​and provides a foundation for the development of regional linguistics and dialect-based learning.