Kelainan Berbahasa dalam Perspektif Psikolinguistik: Analisis Penyebab dan Strategi Penanganan

Abstract

Language is a fundamental aspect of human life that not only functions as a means of communication but also serves as a tool for thinking, the recognition of social identity, and cultural and intellectual interaction. However, not all individuals are able to optimally develop their language abilities due to language disorders. This article aims to identify the types of language disorders and examine approaches to their treatment from a psycholinguistic perspective. This study employs a library research method by analyzing relevant scholarly literature on psycholinguistic theory and language impairments. The findings indicate that language disorders can be classified into developmental and acquired disorders, including conditions such as dementia, Huntington’s disease, schizophrenia, stuttering, latah, dyslexia, and aphasia. Each type of disorder has its own linguistic and neurological characteristics that affect both language production and comprehension. The psycholinguistic approach contributes significantly to accurate diagnosis and the design of interventions based on cognitive and neurological processes, such as speech therapy, the use of augmentative communication, semantic training, and compensatory strategies. Early detection and treatment of language disorders are crucial to prevent permanent communication and cognitive developmental barriers.