Ikhlāṣ dan Muḥāsabah sebagai Kritik Tasawuf terhadap Moral Disengagement dalam Perilaku Koruptif
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Abstract
Corrupt behavior is associated not only with legal and institutional issues but also with moral justification mechanisms that allow individuals to engage in unethical actions without perceiving themselves as violating their moral standards. This study aims to analyze Albert Bandura’s concept of Moral Disengagement and examine the concepts of ikhlāṣ (sincerity) and muḥāsabah (self-accountability) in al-Ghazali’s thought as Sufi critiques of moral justification in corrupt behavior. This study employs library research using conceptual, philosophical, and critical-comparative approaches. Primary sources include Bandura’s work on Moral Disengagement and al-Ghazali’s Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn, supported by relevant academic literature. The analysis indicates that ikhlāṣ provides a basis for criticizing self-interest and the use of particular goals to justify unethical actions, while muḥāsabah emphasizes self-examination of motives, actions, responsibilities, and consequences. Together, these concepts offer an ethical-spiritual framework for challenging moral justification without equating Sufism with moral psychology. Theoretically, this study broadens the dialogue between moral psychology and Sufism in understanding corrupt behavior. Practically, these concepts may support ethical reflection but cannot replace law enforcement or institutional reform.
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