Ambugitas Semantik Dalam Nash: Analisis Muradif Dan Musytarak Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Penetapan Hukum

Abstract

Arabic, as the language of the Qur'an and Hadith, possesses complex semantic characteristics that give rise to ambiguity in legal texts (nash). This phenomenon is one of the factors contributing to differences in the interpretation and formulation of Islamic legal rulings. This study aims to examine the concepts of muraadif (synonymy) and musytarak (polysemy) from the perspectives of ushul fiqh and Arabic linguistics, as well as their implications for the process of Islamic legal reasoning (istinbath al-ahkam). This research employs a normative legal research method with a qualitative approach through library research. The data were collected from the Qur'an, Hadith, classical works of ushul fiqh, Arabic linguistic literature, and relevant scholarly books and journal articles. The data were analyzed descriptively using content analysis. The findings reveal that muraadif and musytarak are semantic phenomena that significantly influence the interpretation of nash and the formulation of Islamic legal rulings. Differences among Muslim jurists in understanding these concepts have resulted in diverse legal opinions on issues such as the waiting period (iddah), the nullification of ablution (wudhu), marriage law, and the prohibition of commercial transactions during the Friday call to prayer. The study further demonstrates that resolving semantic ambiguity requires a comprehensive approach by considering qarinah (contextual indicators), linguistic context (siyaq), customary usage ('urf), and the objectives of Islamic law (maqashid al-shari'ah) to produce accurate and contextually relevant legal interpretations. This study concludes that the analysis of muraadif and musytarak plays a vital role in enriching the methodology of interpreting Islamic legal texts and contributes to the development of contemporary Islamic legal thought.