Konsep Al-Ḥarṡ Dalam QS Al-Baqarah/2: 223 (Relevansi dan Implikasi Terhadap Teknologi Inseminasi Buatan)
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Abstract
Advances in assisted reproductive technology, particularly artificial insemination, have raised various legal, ethical, and religious issues that require normative guidance from the Qur'an. One of the key concepts that may serve as such a foundation is al-ḥarṡ in Qur'an 2:223, which has traditionally been understood within the context of the marital relationship but has received limited attention in relation to modern reproductive technologies. This study aims to examine the conceptual meaning of al-ḥarṡ through a Qur'anic exegetical approach and to explore its relevance to the practice of artificial insemination from the perspective of Islamic law. This research employs a qualitative library-based approach, using taḥlīlī (analytical) exegesis complemented by thematic and comparative approaches, and supported by insights from reproductive medicine. The findings indicate that al-ḥarṡ represents the womb as the locus of the entire human reproductive process, from fertilization to childbirth, thereby affirming its central role in preserving human lineage. Based on this understanding, artificial insemination involving legally married couples is considered consistent with the Islamic principle of preserving lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl), whereas practices involving third parties, such as sperm or ovum donors and surrogate mothers, are inconsistent with the Islamic principle of maintaining clear lineage (nasab). These findings contribute to the development of Qur'anic exegesis that addresses contemporary issues and provide a normative basis for the formulation of ethical guidelines and policies concerning assisted reproductive technologies from an Islamic perspective.
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