Analisis Kritis Masalah Amerika dengan Iran (Board Of Peace): Perspektif Akademis Perdamaian

Abstract

Tensions between the United States and Iran in 2025 will become one of the most significant geopolitical conflicts affecting the stability of the Middle East region and the global security order. This study aims to critically analyze the dynamics of the 2025 US-Iran conflict through the perspective of peace scholars in Indonesia by examining the roots of the conflict, escalation patterns, and opportunities for a peaceful resolution. The study uses a qualitative approach with a critical analysis design based on library research sourced from international media reports, policy documents, and academic literature on peace studies and international relations. The results show that the 2025 US-Iran conflict reflects the character of a hybrid conflict that combines economic pressure, coercive diplomacy, military threats, and narrative warfare. Analysis using Johan Galtung's peace theory finds a link between direct violence, structural violence, and cultural violence that reinforces the cycle of conflict. Furthermore, the duality of US policy that combines negotiation rhetoric and military pressure has not been able to create sustainable peace, while Iran maintains its bargaining position through strategies of sovereignty and regional resistance. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of a positive peace approach, strengthening multilateral diplomacy, and Indonesia's role as a middle power actor that can encourage dialogue, mediation, and conflict transformation for the sake of creating more sustainable regional and global stability.