Relasi Laki-Laki dan Perempuan dalam Hadis Nabi: Antara Normativitas Teks dan Realitas Sosial
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Abstract
This article examines the relations between men and women in the Prophet Muhammad’s hadith by considering two main aspects, the normativity of hadith texts and the social realities surrounding them. Using a qualitative approach with hadith hermeneutic methods and gender analysis, this research finds that hadith texts on gender relations cannot be understood literally without considering the historical, sociological, and anthropological context of 7th-century Arabia. This study identifies three clusters of hadith, hadith affirming the ontological equality of men and women, hadith regulating the contextual division of social roles, and hadith frequently debated in contemporary gender discourse. This research argues that a fair understanding of gender-related hadith requires a combination of sanad criticism, matan analysis, and awareness of the underlying social constructions. Furthermore, this study highlights the significance of the mubadalah (reciprocity) approach, which positions men and women as equal partners within the Islamic framework. In the context of Indonesia, home to the world’s largest Muslim population, the findings of this research are expected to contribute meaningfully to efforts toward achieving gender justice in family, legal, and broader social spheres.
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