Historitas Kemunculan Hadis dalam Sorotan Sarjana Muslim: Studi Kritik Literatur Periode Klasik dan Kontemporer

Abstract

This study aims to determine the history of the emergence of hadith, based on literature. During the time of the Prophet Muhammad, hadith were mostly preserved through memorization, although some companions wrote personal notes. After the Prophet Muhammad's death, the tradition of writing began to develop among the companions and tabi'in, although it remained limited in nature. This research is complemented by a method that uses critical literature, by collecting primary and secondary sources. The results of this study indicate that the official codification of hadith began during the reign of Caliph Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, who ordered the systematic collection of hadith. This effort later gave rise to monumental works such as Al-Muwaṭṭa', which became a major milestone in the history of hadith. In the next phase, scholars developed the Sunan and syarḥ works that functioned to explain, comment on, and assess the quality of hadith, such as Fatḥ al-Bārī. Entering the modern era, hadith studies have undergone methodological renewal through digitalization, tahqīq, and the integration of information technology. Innovations such as Maktabah al-Shamilah and the Mausu'ah Hadith project have accelerated access to classical hadith sources and strengthened the tradition of scholarly research in the field. The implications of this research are that it serves as a foundation for hadith studies and serves as comparative material in the literature on the history of the emergence and codification of hadith in the contemporary era.