Unsur Penting Kejayaan Kepemimpinan Nabi Muhammad Saw dalam Perang: Studi Komparatif Perang Badar dan Uhud

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the leadership of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in two pivotal historical events, namely the Battle of Badr and the Battle of Uhud, using a comparative approach within the framework of modern leadership theory. This research employs a qualitative method through library research, drawing upon classical Islamic sources as well as relevant contemporary literature. The findings reveal that the success of the Battle of Badr was driven by a combination of strategic leadership, consultative decision-making (shura), firmness, and strong spirituality, supported by a high level of follower compliance. In contrast, the Battle of Uhud illustrates a case of partial failure resulting from members’ non-compliance with the leader’s instructions, despite the leader’s optimal performance. These findings emphasize that leadership is not merely an individual attribute but a relational phenomenon significantly influenced by follower behavior. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of prophetic leadership values with modern leadership theories through a comparative analysis of two major historical events. The implications suggest that effective leadership requires a synergy between leader capacity, follower commitment, and moral-spiritual dimensions within an organization.