Implementation of Temporary Protection Policies for Syrian Refugees in Turkey and Ukrainian Refugees in Italy 2022-2025: A Comparative Study
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Abstract
This study analyzes the implementation of Temporary Protection policies in response to the increasing flow of refugees across borders, focusing on Turkey and Italy for the period 2022–2025. The research aims to understand how differences in policy systems influence the effectiveness of protection in guaranteeing refugee rights and supporting integration. A qualitative, comparative approach is employed, using Matt Wilder's Comparative Public Policy (CPP) framework, which emphasizes the role of institutional configurations, policy discourses, ideas and norms, and political culture. The results show that Turkey adopts a centralized and pragmatic national system, enabling a rapid response but with limited legal certainty and long-term integration. In contrast, Italy operates within the supranational framework of the European Union through the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD), which provides more stable and rights-based protection despite challenges to coordination. The study highlights the trade-off between policy flexibility and protection stability and suggests that policy effectiveness is determined more by the public policy system than by humanitarian considerations alone.
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