Relevansi Syair Al-Farazdaq dengan Geliat Perkembangan Sastra Arab Pada Era Daulah Umayyah (Sebuah Penjelajahan Awal)

Abstract

Arabic poetry plays a crucial role in cultural and literary expression during the Umayyah Caliphate (661–750 M). Al-Farazdaq, one of the leading poets of this period, is known for his works, which are rich in language and brimming with imagery and metaphors. This article analyzes Al-Farazdaq’s poems, identifies major themes such as al-madh, al-haja’, and al-hayah al-ijtima’iyyah wa al-siyasah, and explores his contributions to the development of Arabic literature. This is a qualitative study. The data collection techniques used include documentary study, text analysis, data recording, and source triangulation. The data analysis methods employed are data reduction, data categorization and coding, and content analysis. The findings of this study are: (1) Through the use of qasidah and other literary genres, Al-Farazdaq helps enrich the Arabic language and strengthen Arab-Islamic cultural identity; (2) Al-Farazdaq’s works not only reflects the social and political dynamics of the Umayyah Caliphate but also have a long-term impact on the overall tradition of Arabic literature; (3) There are five main categories related to the development of poetry during the Umayyah Caliphate: personal poetry, moral poetry, political poetry, social poetry, and religious poetry; (4) Al-Farazdaq’s poetry plays a significant role, particularly in the political sphere during the Umayyah Caliphate, including as a tool for political propaganda, a means of al-ittishol, a vehicle for public opinion, and an instrument for criticizing the rulers.