Sintesis Termoregulasi dan Eko-Teologi : Reinterpretasi Tipologi Atap Sulapa Eppa pada Hunian Modern Berbasis Syariah di Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Current residential architecture in South Sulawesi is trapped in a dichotomy between adopting climate-unresponsive Western-minimalist styles and Middle Eastern architectural formalism that ignores the tropical context. This study aims to redefine the concept of "Shade" through a synthesis of the Sulapa Eppa philosophy (the four universal elements) and Islamic eco-theological principles in modern residential architecture. The research methodology employs a qualitative-descriptive approach supported by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) digital simulations to measure thermal performance in vernacular tiered-roof prototypes. The results indicate that integrating air cavities into the Sulapa Eppa roof structure can passively reduce indoor temperatures by 3°C to 5°C, while simultaneously fulfilling privacy criteria (hijab) and spiritual comfort through natural lighting management. These findings confirm that South Sulawesi's vernacular architecture inherently aligns with the Islamic principle of Khalifah fil Ardh (steward of the earth). This research provides a theoretical contribution to the development of Sharia housing standards that focus not only on legalistic-financial aspects but also on environmental responsibility and local sustainability.