Hak Waris Perempuan Dalam Islam: Tantangan Dan Solusi
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Abstract
Women’s inheritance rights in Islam have long been the subject of debate, particularly when confronted with modern gender equality discourse and the persistence of patriarchal social practices. This article aims to examine the concept of women’s inheritance rights in Islam both normatively and contextually, by highlighting socio-cultural challenges and offering solutions grounded in Islamic law. The study employs a qualitative approach through normative analysis of Qur’anic verses, principles of Islamic inheritance law (fiqh al-mawārīth), and contemporary discussions on gender justice. The findings show that Islam explicitly recognizes women as legal subjects with full inheritance rights, as affirmed in Surah al-Nisā’ (4:7). The differences in inheritance shares between men and women are not discriminatory but are based on a balance between economic rights and responsibilities. The main challenges in implementing women’s inheritance rights arise more from the dominance of customary traditions, low legal literacy, and power relations within social structures.Modern gender equality critiques of Islamic inheritance law generally stem from differing paradigms of justice and partial readings of the Islamic legal system. This article emphasizes that Islam provides various practical instruments—such as wills (waṣiyyah), grants (hibah), and the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (objectives of Islamic law)to realize substantive justice for women. Therefore, the primary urgency lies in the recontextualization and comprehensive understanding of Islamic inheritance law, rather than altering the divine legal texts (nash syarī‘ah).
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