Otentisitas dan Integritas Mushaf Utsmani dalam Perspektif Sejarah

Abstract

This study examines the authenticity and integrity of the Mushaf Utsmani from the perspective of the historical codification of the Qur’an, spanning from the period of Caliph Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddīq to that of Caliph ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān, as well as the dynamics of internal criticism within Islam and Western scholarly views on the transmission of the Qur’anic text. The study aims to explain the process of the codification of the Mushaf Utsmani, analyze the forms of criticism directed toward it, and assess the role of ancient Qur’anic manuscript findings in affirming the stability of the Qur’anic text. This research employs a qualitative method using historical-critical and philological approaches through library research on classical sources, Western scholarship, and studies of early Qur’anic manuscripts. The findings indicate that the codification of the Mushaf Utsmani was carried out through a multi-layered verification mechanism that integrated memorization and written documentation by the Companions, thereby preserving the authenticity of the Qur’anic text since the early Islamic period. Internal criticisms that emerged were limited in scope and predominantly theological-political in nature, while modern manuscript studies, such as those on the Ṣanʿāʾ and Topkapi manuscripts, instead reinforce the stability and authenticity of the Qur’anic text and challenge early orientalist skepticism toward the Mushaf Utsmani.