‘Iddah Sebagai Mekanisme Protektif: Analisis Normatif–Sosiologis Atas Nasab, Kesehatan Reproduksi, Dan Martabat Perempuan
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the concept of ‘iddah as a protective mechanism within Islamic family law through the integration of normative and sociological approaches, with particular emphasis on the protection of lineage, reproductive health, and women’s dignity. The research employs a library-based methodology using a normative–theological approach grounded in the Qur’an, Hadith, and classical as well as contemporary fiqh literature, combined with a sociological approach that examines recent findings in reproductive health, women’s psychology, and the social dynamics of Muslim families. The findings demonstrate that ‘iddah serves a multidimensional function that extends beyond a formalistic legal understanding, namely safeguarding genealogical clarity, providing a period for biological and psychological recovery for women following divorce or spousal death, and protecting women’s honor and social position within society. The originality of this study lies in its integrative analytical framework, which connects the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah) with insights from modern social sciences and health studies, thereby offering a contextual and humanistic interpretation of ‘iddah as a protective instrument. The implications of this research underscore the importance of reorienting both the understanding and implementation of ‘iddah within family law policies, counseling services, and public education, so that it is not perceived as a restrictive measure but rather as a mechanism for the protection and empowerment of women that remains relevant to contemporary social challenges.
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