Bahasa Sebagai Teologi: Analisis Linguistik Qur’ani Terhadap Struktur Tauhid dalam Surah Al-Ikhlas

Abstract

Surah Al-Ikhlas occupies a fundamental position in Islamic creed studies because it encapsulates the doctrine of tawḥīd in a concise, explicit, and comprehensive manner. Although it consists of only four verses, its linguistic structure contains profound theological meanings that have continually attracted the attention of Qur’anic exegetes and scholars. This study aims to examine the linguistic structure of Surah Al-Ikhlas and to elucidate its relationship with the construction of tawḥīd meaning from the perspective of Qur’anic linguistics. The research adopts a qualitative-descriptive approach using a library research method by analyzing the Qur’anic text alongside interpretations from both classical and contemporary mufassirūn. Data analysis focuses on syntactic structures, lexical choices, the use of ḍamīr, forms of nakirah and ma‘rifah, patterns of negation, and variations in qirā’āt that carry theological implications. The findings indicate that all linguistic elements in Surah Al-Ikhlas are systematically arranged to affirm the absolute oneness of Allah, while simultaneously rejecting all forms of association, anthropomorphism, and theological concepts that contradict Islamic monotheism. Thus, language in this surah functions not merely as an aesthetic device, but as the primary medium for articulating theological doctrine. This study contributes to strengthening the understanding of the close relationship between Qur’anic language and the doctrine of tawḥīd, while also enriching Qur’anic linguistic studies grounded in theological analysis.