Effects of a TDS Sensor-Based Nutrient Automation System on Leaf Area and Plant Height of Lettuce (Lacctuca sativa L.) in Hidroponic Cultivation
Manual nutrient monitoring in hydroponic cultivation systems is considered inefficient and prone to producing inconsistent data, necessitating sensor-based automation systems to maintain the stability of nutrient solution concentration. This study aims to analyze the effect of a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensor-based nutrient automation system on leaf area and plant height of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in a hydroponic cultivation system. This study employed an experimental approach comparing two groups of lettuce plants: a treatment group cultivated using the TDS sensor-based automation system and a control group cultivated through conventional manual monitoring. Leaf area and plant height were measured at harvest time four weeks after planting. The results demonstrated that the automation system exerted a significant positive effect on both growth parameters. The mean leaf area increased by 64.24% from 260.18 cm² to 427.33 cm², and the mean plant height increased by 19.71% from 22.022 cm to 26.355 cm. These findings indicate that the TDS sensor-based nutrient automation system effectively maintained nutrient solution concentration stability, thereby supporting optimal vegetative growth of hydroponic lettuce compared to manual monitoring methods.
Hydroponics; TDS Sensor; Nutrient Automation; Lactuca Sativa; Plant Growth
Copyright (c) 2026 Sevia Elva Risa, Yulkifli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cyber Warfare in Middle Eastern Cross-Border Conflicts: IHL Compliance, 2024–2026
Digital technology has transformed contemporary armed conflict by making cyberspace an arena of strategic competition and operations. Cross-border conflicts in the Middle East during 2024–2026 show growing cyber activity alongside military operations, information campaigns, and geopolitical rivalry. This study analyzes cyber warfare in these conflicts and evaluates compliance with the principles of distinction, proportionality, military necessity, and precautions in attack. Using a qualitative case-study and descriptive-analytical approach, it draws on academic literature, international legal documents, international-organization reports, cybersecurity reports, and credible media coverage. The findings show that cyber operations have become part of multidomain conflict, especially in the Israel–Iran and Israel–Gaza contexts. Assessment of compliance with International Humanitarian Law remains difficult because of attribution problems, uncertain target status, dual-use infrastructure, civilian effects, and limited evidence about operational purpose and precautionary measures. IHL principles remain applicable, but compliance must be assessed case by case on verifiable evidence rather than by assuming that all cyber activity during conflict constitutes a legal violation.
Cyber Warfare; Cross-Border Conflict; Middle East; International Humanitarian Law; International Security
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Shadiq Ahyar Noer, Satya Rizkiano Adha Pratama, Daffa Alnida, Ida Susilowati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Protection of Prisoners of War under Islamic Law and International Humanitarian Law: Russia-Ukraine Conflict
The Russia-Ukraine conflict since February 2022 has produced a large-scale prisoner-of-war crisis and reports of torture, extrajudicial executions, and inhumane detention conditions. This study analyzes prisoner-of-war protection under Islamic law and International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and applies both frameworks to assess treatment in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. It employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, case, and Islamic legal approaches, drawing on primary legal sources, academic literature, and investigative reports from international institutions. The findings show strong convergence between Islamic law and IHL on humane treatment, the prohibition of transgression, and the prohibition of reprisals, despite differences in epistemological foundations and normative detail. The case analysis indicates that alleged systematic torture of Ukrainian prisoners, the Olenivka incident, and other violations primarily reflect weak enforcement, accountability, and access to independent monitoring rather than an absence of legal norms. The study recommends stronger ICRC access and cross-tradition legal dialogue to reinforce compliance with prisoner-of-war protection norms.
Prisoners Of War; International Humanitarian Law; Islamic Law; Third Geneva Convention; Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Hafisulla, Muhamad Imam Ikhsan, Muhammad Valeryan Sandi, Ida Susilowati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Terhadap Sifat Hidrofobik Komposit PDMS-Silika Sekam Padi-Graphene Oxide
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based electrical insulators are widely used in outdoor power systems due to their inherent hydrophobic properties. However, the hydrophobicity of pure PDMS tends to diminish upon prolonged exposure to heat. This study aims to investigate the effect of varying heat treatment temperatures on the hydrophobicity of PDMS composites reinforced with silica derived from rice husk ash and graphene oxide, using contact angle measurements. The composites were fabricated via spin coating onto glass substrates and subsequently heated at five different temperatures—25 °C, 50 °C, 75 °C, 100 °C, and 125 °C—for one hour. Contact angles were measured using the sessile drop method and ImageJ software. The results indicate that the contact angle increased progressively with temperature, rising from 101.9° at 25 °C to a peak of 107.7° at 100 °C, before decreasing to 100.2° at 125 °C due to thermal degradation. All samples across the tested temperature range remained hydrophobic (θ > 90°), with 100 °C identified as the optimum temperature.
PDMS Composite; Rice Husk Silika; Graphene Oxide; Hydrophobicity: Contact Angle.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmi Hendrika Putri, Ratnawulan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Edukasi Lingkungan dan Kesehatan Gigi bagi Anak Usia Dini melalui Program KKN
Environmental and health education in early childhood plays an important role in fostering environmental awareness and healthy self-care habits. This community service activity aimed to introduce environmental awareness through the reuse of plastic bottles and to provide oral and dental health education for students at TK Matholi'ul Anwar, Tambak Beras Village, Cerme District, Gresik Regency. The activities were conducted by Universitas Gresik Community Service Program (KKN) students using an educational-participatory approach through two programs: Eco Kids, involving 25 students, and oral and dental health education, involving 17 students. The Eco Kids program involved decorating used plastic bottles as plant pots and planting mung beans, while oral health education was delivered through simple explanations, question-and-answer sessions, and toothbrushing practice. The activities demonstrated active participation among the students and received positive responses from the school. These activities indicate that practice-based learning can provide a contextual and enjoyable educational approach for young children. Collaboration between university students and schools has the potential to support early learning that promotes environmental awareness and oral health maintenance.
anak usia dini; edukasi lingkungan; kesehatan gigi; kuliah kerja nyata; pengabdian masyarakat
Dara Puspitasari, Ardhian Lukman Hakim, Muhammad Miftachul Hadi, Zulfa Salsabila Alifah, Anis Lailiyatur Rakhmah, Sugiarto, Imarotul Khoifah, Ahmad Budi Purwanto, Bagas Setyo Romadhani, Francis Maryanne, Safinatul Mahmudah, Nazwa Nur Cahya, Ahmad Rizal Syamsudin, Ageng Kuswoyo
Copyright (c) 2026 Dara Puspitasari, Ardhian Lukman Hakim, Muhammad Miftachul Hadi, Zulfa Salsabila Alifah, Anis Lailiyatur Rakhmah, Sugiarto, Imarotul Khoifah, Ahmad Budi Purwanto, Bagas Setyo Romadhani, Francis Maryanne, Safinatul Mahmudah, Nazwa Nur Cahya, Ahmad Rizal Syamsudin, Ageng Kuswoyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rekonstruksi Pendidikan Akhlak Berbasis Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Artificial Intelligence pada Pembelajaran Islam
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed educational practices, including Islamic education. This study aims to formulate a conceptual model for reconstructing Islamic moral education based on Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah in response to the opportunities and challenges of the AI era. The research employed a qualitative approach using library research and qualitative content analysis. Primary sources consisted of the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical and contemporary literature on Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah, while secondary sources included recent scholarly publications on Artificial Intelligence, Islamic education, educational ethics, and digital literacy. The findings reveal that the five essential objectives of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah—ḥifẓ al-dīn, ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-'aql, ḥifẓ al-nasl, and ḥifẓ al-māl—provide a comprehensive ethical framework for guiding AI utilization in Islamic education. The study proposes a conceptual model consisting of five interconnected components: AI challenges, Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah principles, internalization of moral values, educational implementation strategies, and expected educational outcomes. This model contributes theoretically by expanding the application of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah within contemporary Islamic education and offers practical guidance for curriculum development, learning strategies, educational policy, and character formation in the digital era. The proposed framework is expected to support the development of Islamic education that remains technologically adaptive while consistently promoting ethical values and public welfare (maṣlaḥah).
Artificial Intelligence; Islamic Moral Education; Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah; Islamic Education; Digital Ethics
Copyright (c) 2026 Roro Fatikhin (Author); Khasanah (Translator) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Krisis Epistemologi Pendidikan Islam dan Ancaman Sekularisme: Telaah atas Pemikiran Ismail Raji al-Faruqi
This study examines the epistemological crisis in Islamic education and the threat of secularism through an analysis of Ismail Raji al-Faruqi's thought. The epistemological crisis in Islamic education is rooted in the sharp dichotomy between religious and general sciences inherited from the colonial education system, giving rise to scientific dualism and value disorientation. Secularism is viewed as the primary threat that separates revelation from reason and spiritual values from worldly life. This research employs a qualitative method with library research type and a tokoh (figure) study approach. Data sources include works by Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, as well as journal articles, reference books, and theses related to the research topic. Data analysis uses content analysis and descriptive-critical analysis. The findings show that al-Faruqi offers the paradigm of tauhid (monotheism) as an epistemological foundation that unifies reality, truth, and knowledge, and formulates twelve systematic steps of Islamization of knowledge to reconstruct contemporary disciplines. Al-Faruqi's thought remains relevant for Islamic education in facing the challenges of globalization and digital transformation, despite facing methodological critiques and institutional obstacles. This study concludes that the project of Islamization of knowledge offers an integrative-holistic epistemological alternative for the development of epistemically sovereign Islamic education.
Secularism; Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi; Islamization Of Knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dedy Rizaldi, Muhammad AR, Marzuki (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Humanitarian Intervention in the Gaza Crisis after 7 October 2023: A Realist Analysis of International Responses
The escalation of the Israel-Hamas conflict since 7 October 2023 has exposed a sharp tension between the imperative of human protection and international power politics. This article examines how international humanitarian responses to the Gaza crisis are shaped by national interests, power distribution, access control, and institutional dependence. The study employs a qualitative document-analysis approach. Its corpus includes United Nations Security Council resolutions, reports issued by OCHA, WHO, and UNRWA, human rights reports, and major scholarly works on humanitarian intervention, humanitarianism, and realism. The materials are analyzed through thematic coding focused on four categories: control over humanitarian access, donor politics, the capacity of international organizations, and norm enforcement. The findings demonstrate that humanitarian action in Gaza does not operate in a politically neutral environment. The mandates of international organizations are constrained by territorial authority, security considerations, donor-state support, and the political configuration of the Security Council. Realism explains why states prioritize security, alliances, and strategic position, thereby applying moral commitments selectively. Nevertheless, realism does not fully account for the persistence of humanitarian operations, normative pressure, and the limited agency of international institutions. The article concludes that the effectiveness of humanitarian responses depends on the interaction among operational capacity, legal protection, and the political will of influential states.
Gaza; Humanitarian Intervention; Aid Politics; Realism; International Response.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bachtiar Rizqi Amirudin, Muhmmad Azhar Nafi, Naziih Sukma Nugroh Besari, Roudhoh Hannaaris Sa'id, Ida Susilowati, Muhammad Diaz Supandi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Altar of the Creator: Religious Syncretism of Hinduism and Buddhism in North Jakarta
This research aims to examine the influence of Hindu-Buddhist teachings in the Penjaringan District, North Jakarta. This qualitative research analyzes literature on Hinduism and Buddhism, specifically regarding Phra Phrom as a syncretism between Hinduism and Buddhism from Thailand. The analysis will be verified by observations of several places of worship for the god Brahma in the Pluit and Kamal Muara. Verification will also be carried out through interviews with several Hindu and Buddhist devotees. This study found various Phra Phrom statues in the North Jakarta area indicating a syncretism of Hinduism and Buddhism in the West Coast of Jakarta. The results of this study enrich the social sciences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ronaldo Heinrich Herman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Islamic Corporate Governance Dalam Perspektif Standar AAOIFI dan IFSB: Kajian Normatif-Komparatif
This study aims to analyze the normative-comparative framework of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) from the perspectives of the standards issued by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) and the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB). Using a qualitative and library research approach, this study examines the principles, structures, and governance mechanisms proposed by both institutions. The findings reveal that AAOIFI primarily emphasizes Shariah compliance through the empowerment of the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB), while the IFSB focuses on prudential regulation and systemic stability by integrating Shariah governance with risk management. Both frameworks share common principles accountability, transparency, fairness, and responsibility; yet differ in approach: AAOIFI adopts a rule-based orientation, whereas IFSB employs a principle-based model. The integration of both standards reflects the values of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, where Islamic governance serves not only as a regulatory mechanism but also as a moral and spiritual framework for corporate management.
Islamic Corporate Governance, AAOIFI, IFSB, Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah, Shariah Governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Puji Rahayu, Luqman Hakim, Isfandayani, Muhammad Rasyid Ridlo, Muhammad Fahmi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rekonstruksi Nilai Keadilan Dalam Ekonomi Islam: Analisis Pemikiran Muhammad Baqir Al‑Sadr Terhadap Praktik Ekonomi Syariah Kontemporer
This study aims to examine the Islamic economic philosophy of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr as presented in his work Iqtisaduna and its relevance to contemporary economic challenges. Using a descriptive qualitative method and a library research approach, the study finds that al-Sadr proposes an economic paradigm balancing spiritual and material dimensions through principles of justice, responsible ownership, and equitable wealth distribution. His thought serves as an alternative to the extremes of capitalism and socialism, providing a conceptual foundation for developing an Islamic economic system grounded in public welfare, social justice, and human prosperity.
Islamic Economic Philosophy, Iqtisaduna, Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Social Justice, Public Welfare
Copyright (c) 2026 Adi Mansah, R. Melda Maesarach, Dede Mahendra, Muhammad Rasyid Ridlo, Muhammad Fahmi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Semiotika atas Lafaz Mutarādifat Waktu dalam Al-Qur’an
This study analyzes the mutarādifat (closely related words) in the Qur’an concerning the concept of time through a semiotic approach. Qur’anic language is understood as a system of signs in which lexical choices are not random but carefully selected to construct specific meanings. This research employs a qualitative library-based method, with primary data consisting of Qur’anic verses containing temporal terms such as sā‘ah, ḥīn, dahr, amad, waqt, ‘aṣr and ajal. The analysis reveals that each term carries distinct semiotic functions: sā‘ah denotes the certainty of the eschatological event, ḥīn refers to existential phases of human life, dahr represents the comprehensive span of time, amad emphasizes prolonged duration affecting spiritual conditions, waqt highlights the precision of ritual obligations, ‘aṣr signifies time as a moral responsibility and and ajal marks the divinely determined end of life. These findings demonstrate that temporal diction in the Qur’an is not mere synonymy but a semiotic strategy that shapes theological, ethical, and existential messages in a holistic manner.
Qur’an; Semiotics; Mutarādifat; Time; Linguistic
Copyright (c) 2026 Rina Fauziah Jufri, Ruslan Wahab (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Laknat Dalam Al-Qur’an Analisis Pendekatan Ma’na Cum Maghza
The purpose of this study is to analyze the essence of divine curse (la'nah), examine its manifestations using the ma'na cum maghza approach, and analyze its impacts through the same analytical framework. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method based on library research, using written sources such as books, journals, articles, and other research documents. Data were collected through library research and the maudhu'i (thematic) method, and then interpreted using Qur'anic, Sunnah, systematic, textual, and contextual approaches. The essence of la'nah is the absence of Allah's mercy and the withdrawal of His assistance from those who are cursed by Him. The manifestations of la'nah refer to the causes that lead to Allah's curse, serving as a sign of the expulsion of those who are cursed by Allah. The impact of la'nah, as analyzed through the ma'na cum maghza approach, is that those who are cursed by Allah persist in committing sinful acts and never repent because of Allah's wrath, resulting in their exclusion from His mercy. The study of the meaning of la'nah in the Qur'an using the ma'na cum maghza approach is intended to enrich readers' knowledge by providing a deeper understanding of the meaning of la'nah and all matters related to it, as well as the causes of Allah's wrath, so that believers may become more obedient and devoted to Allah Almighty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arifuddin, Halimah Basri, Abdul Ghany, Sohrah, Muhammad Irham (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Penguatan Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga dalam Konteks Perubahan Iklim (Telaah QS Yusuf/12: 47-48 dalam Tafsir Tahrir wa Tanwir Karya Ibnu ‘Āsyūr)
The Qur'an contains solutions to various problems, including those related to food security. The Qur'an has explained how to build food security based on the story of Prophet Yusuf. Therefore, this study aims to examine the contextualization of Ibn 'Āsyūr's interpretation of QS Yūsuf/12:47–48 for strengthening household food security in facing climate change. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research. The study approach used is the study of the interpretation of a Qur'anic exegete, namely Ibn 'Āsyūr, focusing on QS Yūsuf/12:47–48, while the data analysis technique employed is content analysis. The results of the study on Ibn 'Āsyūr's interpretation of QS Yūsuf/12:47–48 conclude that the values and food security strategies reflected in the story of Prophet Yusuf can be applied in contemporary families as an effort to prevent food crises caused by climate change. These strategies include practicing family farming, fostering collaboration among family members rather than relying solely on one party such as the head of the family, managing food according to actual needs without wastefulness, implementing sustainable long-term agriculture through crop diversification and crop rotation, building warehouses or granaries to store harvests, and keeping the grains attached to their ears during storage so that their quality remains well preserved.
Family Food Security; Climate Change; Ibn ‘Āsyūr; QS Yūsuf/12: 47-48
Copyright (c) 2026 Ummi Fadhilah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Edukasi Pencegahan Bullying melalui Penyuluhan Interaktif sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Sekolah Ramah Anak pada Siswa MI Matholi'ul Anwar Tambak Beras Gresik
Bullying remains a common issue in elementary schools and has the potential to hinder students' psychological, social, and academic development. Therefore, preventive efforts through educational interventions are essential to raise students' awareness of the importance of creating a safe learning environment and supporting the implementation of Child-Friendly Schools. This community service program aimed to describe the implementation and outcomes of interactive counseling on bullying prevention for students at MI Matholi'ul Anwar Tambak Beras, Gresik Regency. The program employed the Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) approach, consisting of four stages: preparation, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up. The activity was conducted on July 16, 2026, involving approximately 80 students through interactive lectures, group discussions, question-and-answer sessions, case illustrations, and educational games. The observational findings indicated that participants showed high enthusiasm, actively engaged in discussions, were able to identify various forms of bullying, and demonstrated an improved understanding of bullying prevention strategies. The interactive counseling approach also fostered mutual respect, empathy, and the courage to report bullying incidents. This program contributes to strengthening the implementation of Child-Friendly Schools and demonstrates that collaboration between universities and schools can serve as an effective preventive strategy for promoting a safe, inclusive, and violence-free school environment.
Bullying Prevention; Interactive Counseling; Child-Friendly Schools
Manusia Dan Jin: Kajian Tahlili QS. Al-A’raf/7: 179
This study examines the concepts of humans and jin through an analytical tahlili study of Surah Al-A’raf (7:179). It aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the existential characteristics of humans and jinn as described in this verse. Employing a qualitative approach, this study utilizes library research methods—specifically descriptive-analytical analysis—within the framework of thematic exegesis tafsir maudhu’i. The findings regarding humans and jin in Surah Al-A’raf (7:179) indicate that God threatens both groups with Hellfire if they fail to utilize the potentials and faculties bestowed upon them by the Creator: the eyes, meant to witness God’s greatness and the signs spread across the universe; the ears, meant to hear God’s verses; and the heart, meant to constantly perceive God’s presence in all His creation. Consequently, those who remain heedless—failing to properly use the senses, intellect, and heart gifted by God—risk being consigned to the ranks of the inhabitants of Hell. In the context of Surah Al-A’raf (7:179), this heedlessness manifests in three ways: first, possessing a heart but failing to use it to study or comprehend God’s verses; second, possessing eyes but failing to use them to observe God’s signs or manifestations of power; and third, possessing ears but failing to use them to listen to the truth of God’s verses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Farid Wajdi, Cipta Bakti Gama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kedudukan dan Fungsi Al-Sunnah Terhadap Al-Qur’an: Perspektif Ilmu Tafsir
The Qur’an, as the primary source of Islamic teachings, contains many verses that are general, universal, and absolute in nature, thus requiring further explanation to be fully understood. In this regard, the Sunnah serves as bayān (explanatory guidance) and occupies an important position in the interpretation of the Qur’an. However, the use of the Sunnah in Qur’anic exegesis also faces methodological challenges, including issues concerning the authenticity of hadith and the inclusion of Isrā’īliyyāt narrations. This study aims to examine the position and function of the Sunnah in the interpretation of the Qur’an. The research employs a qualitative library research method using a Qur’anic exegesis approach. The findings indicate that the Sunnah occupies the position of the second primary source after the Qur’an and functions as the principal instrument for interpreting Qur’anic verses that are general in nature. Its functions include bayān al-taqrīr (confirmation), bayān al-tafsīr (explanation and elaboration), bayān al-tashrī‘ (establishing new legal rulings), and bayān al-naskh (abrogation or replacement of previous rulings). Furthermore, Sunnah-based interpretation has the advantage of preserving the authoritative meaning of the Qur’an, although it also encounters challenges related to the authenticity of hadith and the need for contextualization in response to contemporary developments. This study emphasizes the importance of employing the Sunnah critically and contextually to ensure that Qur’anic interpretation remains valid, authoritative, and relevant to the changing circumstances of the modern era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Iddal, Halima Basri, Nur Afni Mufliha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Komunikasi Kebijakan Sertifikasi Halal dalam Kajian Islam Kontemporer
Halal certification in Indonesia is not merely an administrative obligation but also a part of Muslim consumer protection, Sharia compliance, and public policy communication. This article aims to examine, compare, and synthesize previous studies on halal certification policy communication within contemporary Islamic studies. This research employs a systematic literature review method using a qualitative descriptive approach. The literature was obtained from Google Scholar, Garuda, DOAJ, SINTA, national journals, international journals, and official policy documents published between 2020 and 2026. The analysis was conducted through several stages, including identification, screening, eligibility assessment, thematic classification, and content synthesis. The findings indicate that halal certification policy communication plays an important role in shaping halal literacy, strengthening business actors’ trust, and improving compliance with regulations. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including low levels of halal literacy, procedural complexity, disparities in digital access, and uneven availability of assistance. This article offers novelty by mapping the relationship between policy communication, halal literacy, contemporary Islamic values, and business actors’ compliance.
Halal Certification; Policy Communication; Islamic Studies
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Zakat Di SMP Nurul Huda Sunter Agung Jakarta
Zakat instruction, as an essential component of Islamic Religious Education, plays a significant role in developing students' understanding, attitudes, and awareness of their obligation to perform zakat. Therefore, an effective learning process is necessary to achieve the intended educational objectives. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of zakat learning at SMP Nurul Huda Sunter Agung, North Jakarta. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews with the principal, Islamic Religious Education teachers, and students, as well as documentation. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of zakat learning is influenced by teachers' preparedness in mastering the subject matter, the use of varied instructional methods, the utilization of learning media, the availability of school facilities, and students' active participation during the learning process. Although several challenges remain, including limited library facilities and a less conducive school environment, zakat learning has generally been implemented effectively and has improved students' understanding of the concepts and practices of zakat. The study implies that improving teachers' professional competence, optimizing the use of instructional media, and enhancing educational facilities are essential to further strengthen the quality of Islamic Religious Education, particularly in zakat instruction.
Effectiveness, Zakat Instruction, Islamic Religious Education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dul Muhyi, Ahmad Zain Sarnoto, Otong Surasman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Konsep Langit Tanpa Tiang Dalam Al-Qur’an (Analisis Tafsīr Mauḍhū’ī)
This study examines the Qur’anic concept of the sky without pillars through a thematic exegesis approach. Using a qualitative library research method, it analyzes relevant verses, classical and contemporary interpretations, and scientific concepts such as gravity and cosmic order. The findings show that the term “pillars” does not always refer to physical supports, but can also be understood as divine laws that maintain the stability of the universe. The concept of the sky without pillars affirms Allah’s power, strengthens faith, and invites humans to reflect on the order of creation. The study also shows that revelation and science can complement one another in understanding the universe more comprehensively
Qur’an, Sky Without Pillars, Thematic Exegesis, Cosmology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Humairah, Mardan, Amir Hamzah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ambugitas Semantik Dalam Nash: Analisis Muradif Dan Musytarak Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Penetapan Hukum
Arabic, as the language of the Qur'an and Hadith, possesses complex semantic characteristics that give rise to ambiguity in legal texts (nash). This phenomenon is one of the factors contributing to differences in the interpretation and formulation of Islamic legal rulings. This study aims to examine the concepts of muraadif (synonymy) and musytarak (polysemy) from the perspectives of ushul fiqh and Arabic linguistics, as well as their implications for the process of Islamic legal reasoning (istinbath al-ahkam). This research employs a normative legal research method with a qualitative approach through library research. The data were collected from the Qur'an, Hadith, classical works of ushul fiqh, Arabic linguistic literature, and relevant scholarly books and journal articles. The data were analyzed descriptively using content analysis. The findings reveal that muraadif and musytarak are semantic phenomena that significantly influence the interpretation of nash and the formulation of Islamic legal rulings. Differences among Muslim jurists in understanding these concepts have resulted in diverse legal opinions on issues such as the waiting period (iddah), the nullification of ablution (wudhu), marriage law, and the prohibition of commercial transactions during the Friday call to prayer. The study further demonstrates that resolving semantic ambiguity requires a comprehensive approach by considering qarinah (contextual indicators), linguistic context (siyaq), customary usage ('urf), and the objectives of Islamic law (maqashid al-shari'ah) to produce accurate and contextually relevant legal interpretations. This study concludes that the analysis of muraadif and musytarak plays a vital role in enriching the methodology of interpreting Islamic legal texts and contributes to the development of contemporary Islamic legal thought.
Semantic Ambiguity; Nash; Muraadif; Musytarak; Islamic Law
Copyright (c) 2026 Syahyawi Erpan, Hesti Rahma, Fatmawati, Zainal Abidin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Kaidah Ma'rifah Nakirah Dalam QS. Al-Fātiḥah: 6-7
This article examines the grammatical principles of ma'rifah (definiteness) and nakirah (indefiniteness) in Surah Al-Fātiḥah verses 6–7 through a linguistic exegesis (tafsīr lughawī) approach. The Qur'an, as an Arabic text, exhibits rich linguistic features, including the use of definite and indefinite nouns, which carry significant semantic and exegetical implications. This study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive-analytical method based on classical and contemporary Qur'anic commentaries as well as Arabic grammar (nahwu) literature. Through grammatical and rhetorical (balāghah) analysis, the study finds that the use of the indefinite noun in the expression ṣirāṭa (صِرَاطَ) and the phrase ṣirāṭa al-ladhīna (صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ) reflects a stylistic pattern rich in meaning. Likewise, the use of definiteness in the phrase al-ladhīna an‘amta ‘alayhim (الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ) specifically identifies the group of people who have been blessed by Allah. The findings demonstrate that the selection of definite and indefinite forms in Surah Al-Fātiḥah is not merely a grammatical feature but also constitutes part of the Qur'an's linguistic inimitability (i‘jāz), reflecting the profound depth of its meaning.
Ma'rifah and Nakirah Principles; Surah Al-Fātiḥah; Linguistic Exegesis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muh. Sofyan, Halimah Basri, Amir Hanzah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efektivitas ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution dalam Mengatasi Kabut Asap Lintas Batas: Hambatan Prinsip Non-Interference ASEAN
Transboundary haze pollution has been a recurring environmental crisis in Southeast Asia since 1997. The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (ATHP), adopted in 2002 and entered into force in 2003, is the first legally binding environmental agreement ever produced by ASEAN. However, more than two decades after its adoption, transboundary haze continues to occur almost every year, including during the 2015–2019 and 2020–2024 periods, without being accompanied by adequate enforcement mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ATHP using Krasner's (1982) international regime theory, which assesses a regime's success based on its capacity to establish four elements, namely principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures, and to identify the non-interference principle as the main structural obstacle to its implementation. This study employs a qualitative-descriptive approach through a literature study of policy documents, international treaty texts, and academic literature related to ASEAN and ATHP. The findings show that ATHP formally satisfies the criteria of an international regime but fails to function effectively because the non-interference principle, as a concrete manifestation of the "ASEAN Way," structurally prevents the establishment of binding sanction mechanisms, firm legal obligations, and third-party involvement in dispute settlement. These findings confirm that the shortcomings of ATHP are rooted not merely in technical-legal weaknesses, but in the loose, consensus-based character of ASEAN regionalism itself. This study recommends reforming ASEAN's foundational norms as a prerequisite for improving regional environmental governance in Southeast Asia going forward.
ATHP Effectiveness; Non-Interference Principle; International Regime; Regional Environmental Governance; ASEAN Way
Copyright (c) 2026 Raisya Nazwa Zahira, Hanifah Lestari, Nayla Nurul Fitri, Fathia Hayatun Nufus, Diyah Pitaloka Rizki (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This article discusses *balaghah* (Arabic rhetoric), a branch of Arabic linguistics that plays a crucial role in grasping the beauty, precision, and depth of meaning within Quranic verses. Mastery of this discipline is integral to the study of *tafsir* (exegesis), as it enables the exegete to comprehend the intended meaning of verses in light of their linguistic context and communicative purpose. This study aims to elucidate the nature of *balaghah*, its position within the field of *tafsir*, and its various manifestations within the Quran. A library research method was employed, utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach based on an examination of classical and contemporary literature concerning *balaghah* and *tafsir*. The findings indicate that *balaghah* comprises three primary branches—*‘ilm al-ma‘ani*, *‘ilm al-bayan*, and *‘ilm al-badi‘*—each serving to clarify the appropriateness of linguistic structure, rhetorical meaning, and the aesthetic quality of Quranic expression. These three branches complement one another in revealing the divine message comprehensively, thereby minimizing the risk of misinterpretation. The study implies that mastering *balaghah* is a fundamental competency for Quranic exegetes, as it enhances precision in understanding both the textual and contextual meanings of verses while ensuring the quality of interpretation remains scholarly, objective, and aligned with the rules of the Arabic language.
Copyright (c) 2026 Feri Satriawan, Muhammad Harjum, Dudung Abdullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ummatan Wasaṭan Sebagai Landasan Moderasi Beragama: Kajian Tafsir Tahlili Terhadap QS al-Bāqarah/2: 143
The concept of ummatan wasaṭan in QS al-Bāqarah/2: 143 serves as one of the fundamental principles for understanding religious moderation in Islam. However, this concept is often interpreted merely as the idea of being "in the middle," without a comprehensive examination based on Qur'anic exegesis. This study aims to analyze the concept of ummatan wasaṭan in QS al-Bāqarah/2: 143 through the tahlili method of Qur'anic interpretation and to examine its relevance to religious moderation. This research employs a qualitative library research approach using the tahlili method. The data were collected from the Qur'an, classical and contemporary Qur'anic commentaries (tafsir), as well as relevant scholarly literature, and were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings reveal that the phrase ummatan wasaṭan refers not only to a "middle community" but also to a community characterized by justice, excellence, and balance in practicing Islamic teachings. These values provide an essential foundation for strengthening religious moderation through fairness, balance, tolerance, and adherence to Islamic principles. Therefore, the concept of ummatan wasaṭan is not merely a normative identity of Muslims but also serves as a guiding principle for fostering harmonious religious life within a pluralistic society.
Ummatan Wasaṭan; Tahlili Interpretation; Religious Moderation.
Copyright (c) 2026 St Nurjannah, Dimas Hendrawan, Muhammad Riyadh Al-Shalihin, Rahmi Damis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Peer-To-Peer Lending Activities and Their Impact on Sustainable Development in Indonesia
This study investigates the impact of Fintech Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending on sustainable development in Indonesia, with a specific focus on its role in enhancing financial inclusion for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Grounded in Financial Intermediation Theory and Maqashid al-Sharia, this research employs an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design to analyze the duality of fintech as an economic catalyst and a potential systemic risk. Quantitative analysis utilizes a linear regression model on panel data (2020-2024) from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), examining 95 registered P2P platforms. The statistical findings reveal a significant positive correlation between P2P lending transaction volumes and the MSME credit ratio, thereby directly supporting Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Qualitatively, the study confirms that while fintech bridges critical financing gaps, its sustainable trajectory necessitates robust regulatory frameworks to mitigate shadow banking and predatory lending risks. Ultimately, aligning fintech innovations with the ethical pillars of Maqashid al-Sharia ensures that digital financial ecosystems prioritize long-term economic resilience, social benefit, and equitable capital distribution in Indonesia.
Fintech Peer To Peer Lending; Index Sustainability; MSME; Sustainable Developent, Maqoshid Syariah
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmi Aryanti, Kusnan, Adilla Wulandari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diplomasi Lingkungan Indonesia melalui South-South Cooperation: Studi Kasus Emisi Metana TPST Bantargebang
Methane emissions generated by the Bantar Gebang Integrated Waste Processing Site (TPST Bantar Gebang) have become a significant environmental challenge contributing to global climate change and requiring responses through international cooperation. This study aims to analyze the role of Indonesia–China South-South Cooperation (SSC) as an instrument of Indonesia’s environmental diplomacy in responding to the methane emission crisis at TPST Bantar Gebang in 2025. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using literature review and document analysis, which are analyzed through the concepts of environmental diplomacy, environmental security, and South-South Cooperation. The findings reveal that South-South Cooperation functions as an instrument of environmental diplomacy by strengthening Indonesia’s capacity through policy dialogue, policy learning, institutional networking, and collaboration in green finance and the circular economy. The implementation of this cooperation promotes capacity building through the exchange of knowledge and experience in waste management, waste-to-energy technology development, and methane emission mitigation strategies. Theoretically, this study enriches the field of International Relations by demonstrating that South-South Cooperation can serve as an instrument of environmental diplomacy in addressing environmental security challenges. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of sustaining international cooperation, technological innovation, and green finance to support sustainable waste management and Indonesia’s climate change mitigation targets.
South-South Cooperation; Environmental Diplomacy; Environmental Security
Copyright (c) 2026 Destia Balkis, Faysal Sukmawati, Neng Haibah Awaliyah Sukmawati, Sabrina Dhifa Sukmawati, Bazli Hazwan Mursyida Sukmawati, Diyah Pitaloka Rizki Sukmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rkonstruksi Epistemologis Dan Praksis Siyasah Syar’iyyah: Dialektika Otoritas, Ijtihad Kolektif, Dan Kedaulatan Rakyat Dalam Tata Negara Islam Modern
Islamic Constitutional Law faces the challenges of the modern state, characterized by legal pluralism, democratization, and scientific advancement, requiring a methodological reconstruction while preserving the normative foundations of the Sharī‘ah. This study examines the reconstruction of Islamic Constitutional Law through the integration of ijtihād jamā‘ī (collective ijtihād), the reconstruction of ijmā‘, siyāsah shar‘iyyah, and the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah framework in responding to contemporary constitutional challenges. The research employs a normative legal method using conceptual and statutory approaches. The findings reveal a shift from a formalistic to a substantive paradigm that positions the Sharī‘ah as the ethical foundation of state governance. The strengthening of collective ijtihād, the reconstruction of ijmā‘ within legislative processes, and the implementation of siyāsah shar‘iyyah in public policy enable the integration of Islamic values of justice (al-‘adl), public welfare (al-maṣlaḥah), and consultation (al-shūrā) into the national legal system without requiring the formal establishment of a religious state. This study proposes an adaptive, democratic, and maqāṣid-oriented epistemological framework for Islamic Constitutional Law.
Islamic Constitutional Law; ijtihād jamā‘ī; ijmā‘; siyāsah shar‘iyyah; Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ronald Saputra, Ahmad Muzakkir Mappainga, Rasia R, Kurniati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Konsep Al-Ḥarṡ Dalam QS Al-Baqarah/2: 223 (Relevansi dan Implikasi Terhadap Teknologi Inseminasi Buatan)
Advances in assisted reproductive technology, particularly artificial insemination, have raised various legal, ethical, and religious issues that require normative guidance from the Qur'an. One of the key concepts that may serve as such a foundation is al-ḥarṡ in Qur'an 2:223, which has traditionally been understood within the context of the marital relationship but has received limited attention in relation to modern reproductive technologies. This study aims to examine the conceptual meaning of al-ḥarṡ through a Qur'anic exegetical approach and to explore its relevance to the practice of artificial insemination from the perspective of Islamic law. This research employs a qualitative library-based approach, using taḥlīlī (analytical) exegesis complemented by thematic and comparative approaches, and supported by insights from reproductive medicine. The findings indicate that al-ḥarṡ represents the womb as the locus of the entire human reproductive process, from fertilization to childbirth, thereby affirming its central role in preserving human lineage. Based on this understanding, artificial insemination involving legally married couples is considered consistent with the Islamic principle of preserving lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl), whereas practices involving third parties, such as sperm or ovum donors and surrogate mothers, are inconsistent with the Islamic principle of maintaining clear lineage (nasab). These findings contribute to the development of Qur'anic exegesis that addresses contemporary issues and provide a normative basis for the formulation of ethical guidelines and policies concerning assisted reproductive technologies from an Islamic perspective.
Al-Ḥarṡ; QS al-Baqarah:2/223; Artifical Insemination
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurainun Fitra, Mardan, Muhammad Irham, Rosmini Amin, Dewi Setiawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kajian Analitikal Hadis Tentang Hubungan Seksual Pada Kehamilan Tua (ATERM)
This study aims to comprehensively analyze the quality and meaning of the hadiths concerning sexual intercourse during late pregnancy (term), specifically those narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi, and to contextualize them with modern medical findings regarding sexual intercourse at 37–42 weeks of gestation. The method used is descriptive-qualitative with approaches in hadith studies, socio-communal perspectives, and health sciences. It also utilizes a literature review (library research) of medical journals and scholars' views. The research process involves takhrij (hadith sourcing), naqd (hadith criticism), and data synthesis. The results indicate that while the sanad (chain of narrators) of the hadiths regarding the prohibition has a meaning aligned with the principle of prudence in Islam, medical findings confirm that sexual intercourse during a term pregnancy is permissible, provided that the pregnancy is healthy, free of complications, and performed in a safe, comfortable position. The implication of this study is that future research is expected to explore more related hadiths to provide further clarification.
Hadith; Sexual Intercourse; Full-Term Pregnancy
Copyright (c) 2026 Baharuddin, Alimah Adzraa Syakirah, Fatimah, St. Magfirah Nasir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0